Montu ne 8 mahine pehle ₹1,00,000 ke shares khareede the. Daam badha, aur usne ₹1,30,000 mein bech diye — ₹30,000 ka munafa! Office mein Sharma ji bole, “Tension mat lo, ₹1.25 lakh tak share ke profit pe tax nahi lagta.” Montu khush ho gaya. Lekin jab usne ITR bharne baithi apni didi se poocha, toh jawab aaya: “Woh chhoot sirf long-term pe hai. Tumne 12 mahine se pehle becha hai — 20% lagega.” Montu ka chehra utar gaya. Yeh galti bahut log karte hain. Is guide mein samjhenge ki share ke munafe, dividend, intraday aur F&O pe tax kaise lagta hai — 2026 ke niyamon ke saath.
Quick answer: Listed shares ko 12 mahine se zyada rakhkar bechne ka munafa long-term capital gain (LTCG) hai — us par 12.5% tax lagta hai, lekin saal ka pehla ₹1.25 lakh tax-free hai. 12 mahine ya usse kam mein bechne ka munafa short-term capital gain (STCG) hai — us par 20%. Intraday aur F&O ki kamaai business income maani jaati hai aur aapke income-tax slab ke hisaab se lagti hai. Dividend bhi slab rate pe taxable hai. 1 April 2026 se laagu naye Income-tax Act 2025 mein yeh rates nahi badle.
Short Term Ya Long Term — Sab Kuch Samay Pe Tika Hai
Share pe tax ka pehla sawaal hai: aapne share kitne samay tak rakha? (Rates 23 July 2024 se laagu hain, aur surcharge/cess alag se lagta hai.)
| Short-term capital gain (STCG) | Long-term capital gain (LTCG) | |
|---|---|---|
| Kab | 12 mahine ya usse kam rakhkar becha | 12 mahine se zyada rakhkar becha |
| Tax rate | 20% | 12.5% |
| Chhoot | Koi chhoot nahi | Ek financial year mein pehla ₹1.25 lakh ka LTCG tax-free |
| Kis par laagu | Recognised stock exchange pe listed shares, jin par STT bhara gaya ho (equity mutual funds ke liye bhi milte-julte niyam hain) | |
Ek baat dhyan mein rakho: naye tax regime mein ₹12 lakh tak ki income pe jo rebate milta hai, woh in special-rate capital gains (STCG 20%, LTCG 12.5%) pe laagu nahi hota. Yaani salary ke saath rebate mil jaaye, tab bhi share ke munafe pe tax ban sakta hai.
Montu Ka Hisaab — Do Situations
| 8 mahine baad becha | 14 mahine baad becha | |
|---|---|---|
| Khareed | ₹1,00,000 | ₹1,00,000 |
| Bikri | ₹1,30,000 | ₹1,30,000 |
| Munafa | ₹30,000 (STCG) | ₹30,000 (LTCG) |
| Tax | 20% = ₹6,000 + cess | ₹0 — agar us saal ka kul LTCG ₹1.25 lakh tak hai |
Simple misaal ke liye brokerage aur charges chhod diye hain. Capital gain nikaalte waqt brokerage jaise bikri se jude kharche ghata sakte ho, lekin STT ghataya nahi jaata. Saare charges ka hisaab share market kitne paise se shuru karein wali guide mein hai.
Loss Hua? Woh Bhi Kaam Aata Hai
Share mein loss (capital loss) bhi tax mein gina jaata hai:
- Short-term loss ko us saal ke short-term aur long-term, dono tarah ke gains se adjust (set-off) kar sakte ho.
- Long-term loss sirf long-term gains se hi adjust hota hai.
- Jo loss us saal adjust na ho, use 8 saal tak aage le ja sakte ho (carry forward) — lekin sirf tab, jab aapne ITR due date tak bhara ho.
Isliye loss ho toh bhi ITR bharna fayde ka sauda ho sakta hai.
Intraday Aur F&O Ka Tax Alag Kyun Hai?
Tax ki nazar mein yeh “investment” nahi, business income hai:
- Intraday (equity) — usi din khareedna-bechna, delivery ke bina. Iski kamaai speculative business income hai, aur aapke slab rate pe tax lagta hai. Intraday ka loss sirf speculative income se hi adjust hota hai, aur 4 saal tak aage le ja sakte ho — bashart ITR due date tak bhara ho.
- F&O (futures aur options) — non-speculative business income, yeh bhi slab rate pe. Iska loss salary ke alawa baaki income se us saal adjust ho sakta hai, aur bacha hua 8 saal tak sirf business income se — bashart ITR due date tak bhara ho.
Business income dikhane ke liye ITR ka form bhi alag hota hai, aur kai cases mein books rakhne ya audit ke niyam lag sakte hain. Isliye intraday ya F&O kiya hai toh CA se zaroor baat karo. Aur haan — 1 April 2026 se F&O pe STT bhi badh gaya hai (futures pe 0.05%, options premium pe 0.15%). F&O mein zyadatar log loss kyun karte hain, woh SEBI ke data ke saath yahan samjhaya hai.
Dividend Aur Buyback Pe Tax
- Dividend aapki income mein judta hai aur slab rate pe taxable hai. Agar ek company se ek financial year mein ₹10,000 se zyada dividend mile, toh company 10% TDS kaatkar deti hai (yeh limit 1 April 2025 se ₹5,000 se badhkar ₹10,000 hui). Kab aur kaise milta hai, woh dividend guide mein hai.
- Buyback — jab company apne shares wapas khareedti hai. 1 April 2026 se buyback mein mili rakam aur aapki khareed ki keemat ka fark capital gain (ya loss) maana jaata hai; promoters pe iske upar alag se extra tax lagta hai.
Naya Income-tax Act 2025 — Kya Badla?
1 April 2026 se purane Income-tax Act 1961 ki jagah naya Income-tax Act 2025 laagu hai. Share investors ke liye achhi khabar: rates wahi hain — STCG 20% (naye Act ka section 196) aur LTCG 12.5% ₹1,25,000 se upar (section 198). Section numbers aur kuch forms ke naam badle hain, lekin hisaab ka tareeka wahi hai. Dhyan rakho: FY 2025-26 (31 March 2026 tak) ki income ka return purane Act ke hisaab se hi banta hai.
STT — Har Trade Ka Tax
Securities Transaction Tax (STT) income tax nahi, balki har trade pe lagne wala tax hai, jo broker aapke contract note mein kaat leta hai. Delivery trade mein khareed aur bikri dono pe 0.1% lagta hai. Isi STT ki wajah se listed shares pe upar wale special STCG/LTCG rates (20% aur 12.5%) laagu hote hain. Yeh sab charges course ke episode “Chhupe Hue Kharche — Brokerage, STT aur baaki sab” mein, aur tax ka poora hisaab “Tax ka Hisaab — LTCG, STCG, aasaan bhasha mein” mein kahani ke saath samjhaya gaya hai (dono Module 6 mein).
Note: Yeh article tax niyamon ki aam jaankari hai. Aapka actual tax aapki poori income, regime aur situation pe nirbhar karta hai — return bharne se pehle CA ya tax professional se salah lein.
FAQ
How are shares taxed in India in 2026?
Gains on listed shares held for more than 12 months are long-term capital gains, taxed at 12.5% on the amount above ₹1.25 lakh in a financial year. Gains on shares held for 12 months or less are short-term capital gains, taxed at 20%. Intraday and F&O income is business income taxed at slab rates, and dividends are taxed at slab rates. The Income-tax Act 2025, in force from 1 April 2026, keeps these rates.
₹1.25 lakh ki chhoot kis par milti hai?
Sirf long-term capital gain par — yaani listed shares ya equity mutual funds jinhe 12 mahine se zyada rakha ho. Yeh chhoot har financial year ke liye hai; short-term gain par koi chhoot nahi.
Share bechne pe loss hua toh kya ITR bharna zaroori hai?
Loss ko aage ke saalon ke gains se adjust karne (carry forward) ke liye ITR due date tak bharna zaroori hai. Bina return bhare yeh fayda nahi milta.
Intraday trading pe tax kitna lagta hai?
Equity intraday ki kamaai speculative business income maani jaati hai aur aapke income-tax slab rate pe lagti hai. Iska loss sirf speculative income se adjust hota hai aur 4 saal tak carry forward ho sakta hai — bashart ITR due date tak bhara ho.
Dividend pe TDS kab katta hai?
Jab ek company se ek financial year mein ₹10,000 se zyada dividend mile, toh company 10% TDS kaatti hai. Dividend aapki income mein judkar slab rate pe taxable hota hai, aur kata hua TDS return mein adjust hota hai.
Kya naye Income-tax Act 2025 se share ka tax badal gaya?
Rates nahi badle: STCG 20% aur LTCG 12.5% (₹1.25 lakh se upar) hi hai. Section numbers aur kuch forms ke naam badle hain, aur yeh Act 1 April 2026 se ki gayi kamaai pe laagu hai.
Aage Padhne Layak
- What Is a Dividend? How It Works in India (Dividend Kya Hota Hai)
- Share Market Kitne Paise Se Shuru Karein? Safe Hai Ya Nahi, Loss Kyun Hota Hai
- SIP vs Lumpsum: Kaunsa Better Hai? (Math Ke Saath Samjho)
- Index Fund Kya Hai — Beginners Ka Sabse Aasan Investment?
- Share Market Ke 10 Sabse Bade Beginner Mistakes (Montu Ne Sab Kiye)
- Share Market Kaise Seekhe in 2026 — Complete Beginner Roadmap
- How Does the Stock Market Work in India? (Share Market Kaise Kaam Karta Hai)
- Share Market Fraud Se Kaise Bachein? SEBI Registration Check Aur Complaint Guide
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